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	<title>Hurewicz map is well-defined - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-10-05T08:56:46Z</updated>
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		<title>Vipul: Created page with &#039;==Statement==  ===Loose statement===  Let &lt;math&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; be a path-connected space. For &lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt; a positive integer, we want to show that the &lt;math&gt;n^{th}&lt;/math&gt; [[Hure...&#039;</title>
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		<updated>2011-01-09T21:59:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;#039;==Statement==  ===Loose statement===  Let &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;X&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; be a &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Path-connected_space&quot; title=&quot;Path-connected space&quot;&gt;path-connected space&lt;/a&gt;. For &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; a positive integer, we want to show that the &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n^{th}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; [[Hure...&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Statement==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Loose statement===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;X&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; be a [[path-connected space]]. For &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; a positive integer, we want to show that the &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n^{th}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; [[Hurewicz map]] based at &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; of &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;X&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is a well-defined map:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\pi_n(X,x_0) \to H_n(X)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
where &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\pi_n(X,x_0)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n^{th}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; [[homotopy group]], and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_n(X)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n^{th}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; [[singular homology group]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The strict map===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The map is defined as follows. First define a map:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\eta:\Delta^n \to S^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
which essentially uses the identification of &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;S^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; with the quotient of &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Delta^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; by the collapse of its boundary to a single point, i.e., a homeomorphism &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Delta^n/\partial \Delta^n \to S^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now given any based continuous map &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f: (S^n,*) \to (X,x_0)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, consider &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f \circ \eta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. This gives a &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;-[[singular chain]] in &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;X&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, and its homology class is precisely the element we are looking for.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===What we need to show===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To note that this is indeed well-defined, we need to show that if &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are [[homotopic map]]s as based continuous maps from &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(S^n,*)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; to &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(X,x_0)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, then &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_1 \circ \eta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_2 \circ \eta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are both in the same homology class.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Proof==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{fillin}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Vipul</name></author>
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