Difference between revisions of "Path-connected space"

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===Symbol-free definition===
 
===Symbol-free definition===
  
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A [[topological space]] is said to be '''path-connected''' or ''arc-wise connected'' if given any two points on the topological space, there is a [[path]] (or an '''arc''') starting at one point and ending at the other.
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A [[topological space]] is said to be '''path-connected''' or '''arc-wise connected''' if given any two points on the topological space, there is a [[path]] (or an '''arc''') starting at one point and ending at the other.
  
 
===Definition with symbols===
 
===Definition with symbols===
  
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A [[topological space]] <math>X</math> is said to be '''path-connected''' if for any two points <math>a,b \in X</math> there is a continuous map <math>\gamma:[0,1] \to X</math> such that <math>\gamma(0) = a</math> and <math>\gamma(1) = b</math>.
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A [[topological space]] <math>X</math> is said to be '''path-connected''' or '''arc-wise connected''' if for any two points <math>a,b \in X</math> there is a continuous map <math>\gamma:[0,1] \to X</math> such that <math>\gamma(0) = a</math> and <math>\gamma(1) = b</math>.
  
 
==Relation with other properties==
 
==Relation with other properties==
  
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==Stronger properties==
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===Stronger properties===
  
 
* [[Simply connected space]]
 
* [[Simply connected space]]
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==Metaproperties==
 
==Metaproperties==
  
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{{DP-closed}}
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{| class="sortable" border="1"
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! Metaproperty name !! Satisfied? !! Proof !! Statement with symbols
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|-
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| [[dissatisfies metaproperty::subspace-hereditary property of topological spaces]] || No || [[path-connectedness is not hereditary]] || It is possible to have a path-connected space <math>X</math> and a subset <math>A</math> of <math>X</math> such that <math>A</math> is not path-connected in the subspace topology.
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|-
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| [[dissatisfies metaproperty::weakly hereditary property of topological spaces]] || No || [[path-connectedness is not weakly hereditary]] || It is possible to have a path-connected space <math>X</math> and a closed subset <math>A</math> of <math>X</math> such that <math>A</math> is not path-connected in the subspace topology.
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|-
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| [[satisfies metaproperty::product-closed property of topological spaces]]|| Yes || [[path-connectedness is product-closed]] || Suppose <math>X_i, i \in I</math>, are all path-connected spaces. Then, the Cartesian product <math>\prod_{i \in I} X_i</math> is also a path-connected space with the [[product topology]].
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|-
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| [[dissatisfies metaproperty::box product-closed property of topological spaces]] || No || [[path-connectedness is not box product-closed]] || It is possible to have <math>X_i, i \in I</math> all path-connected spaces such that the Cartesian product <math>\prod_{i \in I} X_i</math> is ''not'' path-connected in the [[box topology]].
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| [[satisfies metaproperty::coarsening-preserved property of topological spaces]] || Yes || [[path-connectedness is coarsening-preserved]] || If <math>X</math> is path-connected under a topology <math>\tau</math>, it remains path-connected when we pass to a [[coarser topology]] than <math>\tau</math>.
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|-
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| [[satisfies metaproperty::continuous image-closed property of topological spaces]] || Yes || [[path-connectedness is continuous image-closed]] || If <math>X</math> is a path-connected space and <math>Y</math> is the image of <math>X</math> under a continuous map, then <math>Y</math> is also path-connected.
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|-
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| [[satisfies metaproperty::connected union-closed property of topological spaces]] || Yes || [[path-connectedness is connected union-closed]] ||
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|-
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| [[dissatisfies metaproperty::closure-preserved property of topological spaces]] || No || [[path-connectedness is not closure-preserved]] || It is possible to have a <math>A</math> a subset of <math>X</math> that is path-connected in the subspace topology but such that the closure <math>\overline{A}</math> is not path-connected in its subspace topology.
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|}
  
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A direct product of path-connected spaces is path-connected. This is true both for finite and infinite direct products (using the product topology for infinite direct products).
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==References==
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===Textbook references===
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{{coarsening-preserved}}
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* {{booklink-defined|Munkres}}, Page 155 (formal definition)
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* {{booklink-defined|SingerThorpe}}, Page 52 (formal definition): introduced under name '''arcwise connected space'''
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Shifting to a [[coarser topology]] preserves the property of being path-connected. This is because a path in a finer topology continues to remain a path in a coarser topology -- we simply compose with the identity map from the finer to the coarser topology (which, by definition, must be continuous).
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* {{booklink-defined|Rotman}}, Page 25 (formal definition)
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{{connected union-closed}}
 
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A union of a family of path-connected subsets having nonempty intersection, is path-connected.
 

Latest revision as of 19:05, 26 January 2012

This article defines a homotopy-invariant property of topological spaces, i.e. a property of homotopy classes of topological spaces


View other homotopy-invariant properties of topological spaces OR view all properties of topological spaces
This is a variation of connectedness. View other variations of connectedness


This article is about a basic definition in topology.
VIEW: Definitions built on this | Facts about this | Survey articles about this
View a complete list of basic definitions in topology

Definition

Symbol-free definition

A topological space is said to be path-connected or arc-wise connected if given any two points on the topological space, there is a path (or an arc) starting at one point and ending at the other.

Definition with symbols

A topological space X is said to be path-connected or arc-wise connected if for any two points a,b \in X there is a continuous map \gamma:[0,1] \to X such that \gamma(0) = a and \gamma(1) = b.

Relation with other properties

Stronger properties

Weaker properties

Metaproperties

Metaproperty name Satisfied? Proof Statement with symbols
subspace-hereditary property of topological spaces No path-connectedness is not hereditary It is possible to have a path-connected space X and a subset A of X such that A is not path-connected in the subspace topology.
weakly hereditary property of topological spaces No path-connectedness is not weakly hereditary It is possible to have a path-connected space X and a closed subset A of X such that A is not path-connected in the subspace topology.
product-closed property of topological spaces Yes path-connectedness is product-closed Suppose X_i, i \in I, are all path-connected spaces. Then, the Cartesian product \prod_{i \in I} X_i is also a path-connected space with the product topology.
box product-closed property of topological spaces No path-connectedness is not box product-closed It is possible to have X_i, i \in I all path-connected spaces such that the Cartesian product \prod_{i \in I} X_i is not path-connected in the box topology.
coarsening-preserved property of topological spaces Yes path-connectedness is coarsening-preserved If X is path-connected under a topology \tau, it remains path-connected when we pass to a coarser topology than \tau.
continuous image-closed property of topological spaces Yes path-connectedness is continuous image-closed If X is a path-connected space and Y is the image of X under a continuous map, then Y is also path-connected.
connected union-closed property of topological spaces Yes path-connectedness is connected union-closed
closure-preserved property of topological spaces No path-connectedness is not closure-preserved It is possible to have a A a subset of X that is path-connected in the subspace topology but such that the closure \overline{A} is not path-connected in its subspace topology.

References

Textbook references

  • Topology (2nd edition) by James R. MunkresMore info, Page 155 (formal definition)
  • Lecture Notes on Elementary Topology and Geometry (Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics) by I. M. Singer and J. A. ThorpeMore info, Page 52 (formal definition): introduced under name arcwise connected space
  • An Introduction to Algebraic Topology (Graduate Texts in Mathematics) by Joseph J. RotmanMore info, Page 25 (formal definition)
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